Table 27: Child Abuse and Neglect, 2018
| Victims of Maltreatment | Percent of Maltreatment Cases that Involved: | ||||||||||
| Number | Rate per 1,000 Children | Neglect Only | Physical Abuse Only | Sexual Abuse Only | Sex Trafficking Only | Emotional Abuse Only | Medical Neglect Only | Multiple Types Only | Other or Unknown Only | ||
| Alabama | 12,158 | 11.2 | 31.3 | 42.0 | 14.6 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 11.6 | n/a | |
| Alaska | 2,615 | 14.2 | 52.5 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 0.0 | 8.8 | 1.4 | 27.0 | n/a | |
| Arizona | 15,504 | 9.4 | 88.0 | 5.3 | 2.9 | n/a | 0.0 | n/a | 3.8 | n/a | |
| Arkansas | 8,538 | 12.1 | 34.6 | 18.7 | 17.3 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 15.0 | 13.8 | 0.0 | |
| California | 63,795 | 7.1 | 77.8 | 3.7 | 3.5 | n/a | 4.0 | 0.0 | 10.7 | 0.2 | |
| Colorado | 11,879 | 9.4 | 77.6 | 7.6 | 7.3 | n/a | 0.9 | 0.9 | 5.5 | 0.2 | |
| Connecticut | 7,652 | 10.4 | 59.0 | 2.2 | 2.4 | n/a | 7.9 | 0.9 | 27.7 | n/a | |
| Delaware | 1,251 | 6.1 | 54.4 | 17.1 | 9.2 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 7.0 | 12.2 | |
| District of Columbia | 1,699 | 13.3 | 78.2 | 10.8 | 2.9 | 1.1 | n/a | n/a | 7.0 | n/a | |
| Florida | 36,795 | 8.7 | 40.1 | 5.1 | 6.1 | n/a | 0.4 | 1.7 | 20.3 | 26.3 | |
| Georgia | 11,090 | 4.4 | 61.8 | 7.7 | 4.9 | 0.2 | 13.4 | 1.1 | 10.9 | n/a | |
| Hawaii | 1,265 | 4.2 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 18.3 | 74.2 | |
| Idaho | 1,919 | 4.3 | 74.4 | 15.7 | 3.9 | 0.1 | n/a | 0.4 | 5.3 | 0.3 | |
| Illinois | 31,515 | 11.0 | 65.1 | 12.3 | 12.8 | n/a | 0.1 | 1.2 | 8.4 | n/a | |
| Indiana | 25,731 | 16.4 | 82.9 | 3.5 | 8.8 | 0.0 | n/a | n/a | 4.8 | n/a | |
| Iowa | 11,764 | 16.1 | 53.9 | 7.8 | 5.1 | n/a | 0.5 | 0.5 | 19.3 | 12.9 | |
| Kansas | 3,188 | 4.5 | 40.9 | 19.1 | 16.2 | n/a | 12.9 | 2.4 | 8.6 | n/a | |
| Kentucky | 23,752 | 23.5 | 88.1 | 1.9 | 2.0 | n/a | 0.1 | 0.6 | 7.3 | n/a | |
| Louisiana | 9,380 | 8.6 | 80.4 | 9.4 | 3.6 | n/a | 0.1 | n/a | 6.4 | n/a | |
| Maine | 3,481 | 13.9 | 39.9 | 11.4 | 5.0 | n/a | 14.8 | n/a | 28.9 | n/a | |
| Maryland | 7,743 | 5.8 | 56.4 | 14.7 | 22.3 | n/a | 0.2 | n/a | 6.4 | n/a | |
| Massachusetts | 25,812 | 18.9 | 87.8 | 3.6 | 1.8 | 0.5 | n/a | n/a | 6.2 | n/a | |
| Michigan | 37,703 | 17.4 | 70.2 | 16.6 | 1.9 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 10.1 | n/a | |
| Minnesota | 7,785 | 6.0 | 59.2 | 13.5 | 16.3 | 0.2 | 0.6 | n/a | 10.2 | n/a | |
| Mississippi | 10,002 | 14.2 | 58.1 | 7.3 | 8.1 | n/a | 5.4 | 1.8 | 19.2 | 0.1 | |
| Missouri | 5,662 | 4.1 | 35.3 | 13.7 | 24.2 | n/a | 2.2 | 0.4 | 24.2 | n/a | |
| Montana | 3,763 | 16.4 | 92.9 | 0.9 | 1.2 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 4.9 | n/a | |
| Nebraska | 2,635 | 5.5 | 75.3 | 9.3 | 9.2 | 0.1 | 0.3 | n/a | 5.8 | n/a | |
| Nevada | 5,162 | 7.5 | 72.8 | 10.9 | 4.4 | n/a | 0.2 | 0.8 | 10.9 | n/a | |
| New Hampshire | 1,331 | 5.2 | 81.4 | 3.8 | 6.2 | n/a | 0.6 | 0.8 | 7.2 | n/a | |
| New Jersey | 6,008 | 3.1 | 71.0 | 9.7 | 12.1 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 5.2 | n/a | |
| New Mexico | 8,024 | 16.6 | 57.3 | 5.1 | 1.8 | n/a | 10.6 | 1.0 | 24.1 | n/a | |
| New York | 68,785 | 16.9 | 55.4 | 0.8 | 0.5 | n/a | 0.1 | 0.7 | 40.0 | 2.4 | |
| North Carolina | 6,502 | 2.8 | 48.9 | 26.4 | 18.9 | n/a | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 2.3 | |
| North Dakota | 2,097 | 11.7 | 51.3 | 4.0 | 1.7 | n/a | 16.5 | 0.4 | 26.1 | n/a | |
| Ohio | 25,158 | 9.7 | 32.4 | 33.1 | 15.4 | n/a | 3.0 | 1.0 | 15.1 | n/a | |
| Oklahoma | 15,355 | 16.1 | 54.2 | 5.9 | 2.5 | n/a | 14.0 | 0.7 | 22.7 | n/a | |
| Oregon | 12,581 | 14.4 | 33.2 | 6.4 | 5.3 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 21.3 | 32.8 | |
| Pennsylvania | 4,695 | 1.8 | 6.6 | 39.7 | 43.8 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 3.7 | 4.2 | 0.9 | |
| Rhode Island | 3,644 | 17.8 | 44.5 | 9.8 | 3.3 | n/a | 26.5 | 0.5 | 14.4 | 1.0 | |
| South Carolina | 19,130 | 17.3 | 40.6 | 35.5 | 2.7 | n/a | 0.2 | 0.9 | 20.0 | 0.0 | |
| South Dakota | 1,426 | 6.6 | 87.0 | 4.3 | 2.0 | n/a | 1.1 | n/a | 5.6 | n/a | |
| Tennessee | 9,186 | 6.1 | 9.5 | 48.2 | 24.4 | n/a | 1.3 | 0.6 | 15.3 | n/a | |
| Texas | 63,271 | 8.6 | 75.2 | 6.7 | 8.4 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 8.8 | 0.0 | |
| Utah | 10,122 | 10.9 | 18.4 | 29.0 | 14.0 | 0.0 | 17.7 | 0.2 | 19.3 | 1.4 | |
| Vermont | 958 | 8.3 | 0.5 | 55.3 | 39.6 | n/a | 0.4 | 1.5 | 2.7 | n/a | |
| Virginia | 6,132 | 3.3 | 56.3 | 21.2 | 10.0 | n/a | 0.9 | 1.3 | 10.3 | n/a | |
| Washington | 4,498 | 2.7 | 68.1 | 13.2 | 8.2 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 10.1 | n/a | |
| West Virginia | 6,946 | 19.1 | 18.6 | 14.3 | n/a | 0.4 | n/a | n/a | 67.1 | n/a | |
| Wisconsin | 5,017 | 3.9 | 61.6 | 12.4 | 18.9 | n/a | 0.3 | n/a | 6.8 | n/a | |
| Wyoming | 1044 | 7.7 | 58.6 | 0.7 | 5.2 | n/a | 14.2 | 0.3 | 20.7 | 0.4 | |
| United States | 673,148 | 9.2 | 61.0% | 10.8% | 7.0% | 0.1% | 2.2% | 0.8% | 15.4% | 2.8% | |
Notes: “n/a” means the category is not reported by state. Percents add up to over 100 percent as some cases involved multiple types of maltreatment. Due to differences in definitions of child maltreatment, data should not be compared between states. Categorization of child maltreatment was analyzed differently for 2018, and data should not be compared to that of previous reports. U.S. totals exclude data from Puerto Rico and U.S. territories.
Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2020. “Child Maltreatment 2018,” Tables 3-3 and 3-8. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/cb/resource/child-maltreatment-2018.
Table 28: Children Living In, Entering and Exiting Foster Care, Select Fiscal Years
| Living in Foster Care on September 30th | Entering Care | Exiting Care | ||||||||
| FY2008 | FY2012 | FY2017 | FY2018 | Percent Change FY2008-FY2012 | Percent Change FY2012-FY2018 | FY2017 | FY2017 | |||
| Alabama | 6,941 | 4,561 | 5,631 | 5,930 | -34.3 | 30.0 | 4,062 | 3,582 | ||
| Alaska | 1,954 | 1,854 | 2,766 | 2,792 | -5.1 | 50.6 | 1,337 | 1,248 | ||
| Arizona | 9,590 | 13,461 | 15,031 | 13,360 | 40.4 | -0.8 | 9,173 | 10,549 | ||
| Arkansas | 3,522 | 3,711 | 4,776 | 4,234 | 5.4 | 14.1 | 3,123 | 3,578 | ||
| California | 67,703 | 54,553 | 51,869 | 52,337 | -19.4 | -4.1 | 27,178 | 25,879 | ||
| Colorado | 7,964 | 6,003 | 5,704 | 5,542 | -24.6 | -7.7 | 4,785 | 4,741 | ||
| Connecticut | 5,372 | 4,563 | 4,135 | 4,225 | -15.1 | -7.4 | 2,073 | 1,560 | ||
| Delaware | 938 | 799 | 787 | 719 | -14.8 | -10.0 | 406 | 370 | ||
| District of Columbia | 2,217 | 1,216 | 751 | 707 | -45.2 | -41.9 | 336 | 361 | ||
| Florida | 22,187 | 19,536 | 24,641 | 24,404 | -11.9 | 24.9 | 16,175 | 15,505 | ||
| Georgia | 9,984 | 7,671 | 13,146 | 13,793 | -23.2 | 79.8 | 8,082 | 7,257 | ||
| Hawaii | 1,621 | 1,079 | 1,607 | 1,687 | -33.4 | 56.3 | 1,224 | 1,043 | ||
| Idaho | 1,723 | 1,234 | 1,593 | 1,814 | -28.4 | 47.0 | 1,419 | 1,143 | ||
| Illinois | 17,843 | 16,772 | 15,930 | 16,840 | -6.0 | 0.4 | 5,751 | 4,278 | ||
| Indiana | 11,903 | 11,190 | 20,904 | 18,560 | -6.0 | 65.9 | 10,441 | 12,132 | ||
| Iowa | 6,743 | 6,262 | 5,952 | 6,249 | -7.1 | -0.2 | 4,181 | 3,617 | ||
| Kansas | 6,306 | 6,002 | 7,753 | 8,068 | -4.8 | 34.4 | 4,227 | 3,696 | ||
| Kentucky | 7,182 | 6,979 | 8,146 | 9,355 | -2.8 | 34.0 | 7,492 | 5,993 | ||
| Louisiana | 5,065 | 4,044 | 4,460 | 4,562 | -20.2 | 12.8 | 3,654 | 3,458 | ||
| Maine | 1,864 | 1,512 | 1,584 | 1,768 | -18.9 | 16.9 | 1,080 | 883 | ||
| Marlyand | 7,613 | 4,884 | 3,923 | 3,973 | -35.8 | -18.7 | 2,413 | 2,237 | ||
| Massachusetts | 10,427 | 8,522 | 10,916 | 10,612 | -18.3 | 24.5 | 5,789 | 5,844 | ||
| Michigan | 20,171 | 14,522 | 11,918 | 12,121 | -28.0 | -16.5 | 6,208 | 5,984 | ||
| Minnesota | 6,028 | 5,330 | 9,651 | 9,271 | -11.6 | 73.9 | 6,743 | 6,771 | ||
| Mississippi | 3,292 | 3,699 | 5,440 | 4,703 | 12.4 | 27.1 | 2,520 | 3,181 | ||
| Missouri | 7,642 | 9,985 | 12,390 | 12,659 | 30.7 | 26.8 | 6,963 | 6,559 | ||
| Montana | 1,600 | 1,937 | 3,853 | 3,946 | 21.1 | 103.7 | 2,312 | 2,154 | ||
| Nebraska | 5,591 | 5,116 | 4,195 | 3,524 | -8.5 | -31.1 | 1,869 | 2,438 | ||
| Nevada | 5,023 | 4,745 | 4,408 | 4,532 | -5.5 | -4.5 | 3,154 | 2,965 | ||
| New Hampshire | 1,029 | 768 | 1,461 | 1,531 | -25.4 | 99.3 | 868 | 724 | ||
| New Jersey | 8,510 | 6,848 | 5,946 | 5,526 | -19.5 | -19.3 | 3,540 | 3,863 | ||
| New Mexico | 2,221 | 1,914 | 2,657 | 2,508 | -13.8 | 31.0 | 1,679 | 1,793 | ||
| New York | 29,493 | 23,924 | 17,207 | 16,385 | -18.9 | -31.5 | 8,055 | 7,332 | ||
| North Carolina | 9,841 | 8,461 | 10,756 | 10,543 | -14.0 | 24.6 | 5,531 | 4,698 | ||
| North Dakota | 1,223 | 1,109 | 1,495 | 1,576 | -9.3 | 42.1 | 1,165 | 1,043 | ||
| Ohio | 13,703 | 11,877 | 14,961 | 15,730 | -13.3 | 32.4 | 12,325 | 11,014 | ||
| Oklahoma | 10,597 | 9,120 | 9,315 | 8,634 | -13.9 | -5.3 | 4,697 | 5,320 | ||
| Oregon | 8,988 | 8,686 | 7,972 | 7,577 | -3.4 | -12.8 | 3,566 | 3,335 | ||
| Pennsylvania | 26,571 | 14,515 | 16,891 | 16,566 | -45.4 | 14.1 | 10,155 | 9,931 | ||
| Rhode Island | 2,407 | 1,707 | 1,846 | 2,003 | -29.1 | 17.3 | 1,323 | 1,107 | ||
| South Carolina | 5,054 | 3,113 | 4,041 | 4,456 | -38.4 | 43.1 | 4,098 | 3,591 | ||
| South Dakota | 1,483 | 1,399 | 1,603 | 1,560 | -5.7 | 11.5 | 1,144 | 1,145 | ||
| Tennessee | 6,498 | 7,440 | 8,558 | 8,929 | 14.5 | 20.0 | 6,888 | 5,241 | ||
| Texas | 28,154 | 29,613 | 32,150 | 32,960 | 5.2 | 11.3 | 20,497 | 19,403 | ||
| Utah | 2,714 | 2,813 | 2,954 | 2,611 | 3.6 | -7.2 | 1,979 | 2,263 | ||
| Vermont | 1,200 | 975 | 1,270 | 1,308 | -18.8 | 34.2 | 881 | 740 | ||
| Virginia | 7,099 | 4,579 | 4,795 | 4,915 | -35.5 | 7.3 | 2,940 | 2,849 | ||
| Washington | 11,167 | 9,606 | 11,355 | 11,399 | -14.0 | 18.7 | 5,568 | 5,422 | ||
| West Virginia | 4,412 | 4,562 | 6,633 | 7,138 | 3.4 | 56.5 | 5,081 | 4,429 | ||
| Wisconsin | 7,403 | 6,384 | 7,721 | 7,819 | -13.8 | 22.5 | 4,986 | 4,724 | ||
| Wyoming | 1,113 | 949 | 1,085 | 1,091 | -14.7 | 15.0 | 1,068 | 1,007 | ||
| United States | 456,889 | 392,104 | 436,532 | 435,052 | -14.2 | 11.0 | 262,204 | 249,980 | ||
Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2019. “Trends in Foster Care and Adoption.” Adoption Foster Care Analysis Reporting System (AFCARS), FY 2008 – 2018. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/cb/resource/trends-in-foster-care-and-adoption.
Table 29: Children in Foster Care by Race/Ethnicity, 2017
| Percent of Children in Foster Care Who Are: | Percent of All Children Who Are Black | Ratio of Black Children in Foster Care to Black Children in the Population | |||||||
| White | Hispanic | Black | Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander | American Indian/Alaska Native | Two or More Races | ||||
| Alabama | 56% | 5% | 33% | <.5% | <.5% | 5% | 29 | 1.1 | |
| Alaska | 27 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 42 | 20 | 3 | 0.7 | |
| Arizona | 35 | 39 | 10 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 2.0 | |
| Arkansas | 64 | 6 | 18 | <.5 | <.5 | 12 | 18 | 1.0 | |
| California | 20 | 52 | 20 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 4.0 | |
| Colorado | 42 | 38 | 11 | 1 | <.5 | 6 | 4 | 2.8 | |
| Connecticut | 33 | 36 | 22 | <.5 | <.5 | 6 | 11 | 2.0 | |
| Delaware | 34 | 11 | 48 | <.5 | N.R. | 7 | 25 | 1.9 | |
| District of Columbia | <.5 | 9 | 89 | 1 | <.5 | 1 | 55 | 1.6 | |
| Florida | 47 | 16 | 30 | <.5 | <.5 | 6 | 20 | 1.5 | |
| Georgia | 48 | 6 | 39 | <.5 | <.5 | 6 | 34 | 1.1 | |
| Hawaii | 16 | 1 | 2 | 29 | <.5 | 50 | 2 | 1.0 | |
| Idaho | 77 | 15 | 1 | <.5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1.0 | |
| Illinois | 40 | 9 | 46 | <.5 | <.5 | 4 | 15 | 3.1 | |
| Indiana | 65 | 8 | 18 | <.5 | <.5 | 8 | 11 | 1.6 | |
| Iowa | 69 | 9 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 2.2 | |
| Kansas | 66 | 11 | 13 | <.5 | 1 | 8 | 6 | 2.2 | |
| Kentucky | 75 | 5 | 11 | <.5 | <.5 | 7 | 9 | 1.2 | |
| Louisiana | 54 | 2 | 38 | <.5 | <.5 | 4 | 37 | 1.0 | |
| Maine | 75 | 7 | 2 | <.5 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 0.7 | |
| Maryland | 28 | 7 | 55 | <.5 | <.5 | 5 | 31 | 1.8 | |
| Massachusetts | 42 | 29 | 14 | 1 | <.5 | 10 | 9 | 1.6 | |
| Michigan | 48 | 8 | 30 | <.5 | <.5 | 13 | 16 | 1.9 | |
| Minnesota | 35 | 9 | 15 | 2 | 23 | 13 | 10 | 1.5 | |
| Mississippi | 57 | 2 | 35 | <.5 | <.5 | 3 | 42 | 0.8 | |
| Missouri | 65 | 9 | 19 | <.5 | <.5 | 2 | 14 | 1.4 | |
| Montana | 51 | 7 | 2 | <.5 | 31 | 8 | 1 | 2.0 | |
| Nebraska | 52 | 19 | 16 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 2.7 | |
| Nevada | 41 | 23 | 24 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 10 | 2.4 | |
| New Hampshire | 74 | 9 | 4 | <.5 | <.5 | 5 | 2 | 2.0 | |
| New Jersey | 29 | 24 | 40 | <.5 | <.5 | 5 | 14 | 2.9 | |
| New Mexico | 24 | 61 | 5 | N.R. | 8 | 3 | 2 | 2.5 | |
| New York | 22 | 24 | 42 | 1 | <.5 | 6 | 15 | 2.8 | |
| North Carolina | 51 | 8 | 31 | <.5 | 2 | 7 | 23 | 1.3 | |
| North Dakota | 42 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 34 | 9 | 4 | 1.3 | |
| Ohio | 53 | 5 | 29 | <.5 | <.5 | 12 | 15 | 1.9 | |
| Oklahoma | 35 | 19 | 8 | <.5 | 8 | 30 | 8 | 1.0 | |
| Oregon | 65 | 16 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 2.0 | |
| Pennsylvania | 42 | 13 | 37 | <.5 | <.5 | 6 | 13 | 2.8 | |
| Rhode Island | 46 | 29 | 12 | <.5 | 1 | 11 | 7 | 1.7 | |
| South Carolina | 51 | 6 | 36 | <.5 | <.5 | 5 | 30 | 1.2 | |
| South Dakota | 26 | 8 | 3 | <.5 | 48 | 15 | 3 | 1.0 | |
| Tennessee | 65 | 5 | 23 | <.5 | <.5 | 6 | 19 | 1.2 | |
| Texas | 30 | 42 | 21 | <.5 | <.5 | 5 | 12 | 1.8 | |
| Utah | 67 | 21 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 4.0 | |
| Vermont | 94 | 1 | 2 | <.5 | <.5 | 1 | 2 | 1.0 | |
| Virginia | 50 | 10 | 29 | 1 | <.5 | 9 | 20 | 1.5 | |
| Washington | 50 | 19 | 8 | 2 | 5 | 16 | 4 | 2.0 | |
| West Virginia | 88 | 1 | 4 | <.5 | N.R. | 7 | 4 | 1.0 | |
| Wisconsin | 46 | 10 | 29 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 9 | 3.2 | |
| Wyoming | 73 | 18 | 4 | N.R. | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4.0 | |
| United States | 44% | 21% | 23% | 1% | 2% | 7% | 14 | 1.6 | |
Notes: Data are for children in foster care on September 30, 2017. Racial categories exclude children of Hispanic ethnicity. “N.R.” means data were not available.
Sources: The Annie E. Casey Foundation, KIDS Count Data Center. 2019. “”Children in Foster Care by Race and Hispanic Origin in the United States, 2017″” https://datacenter.kidscount.org/data/tables/6246-children-in-foster-care-by-race-and-hispanic-origin; The Annie E. Casey Foundation, KIDS Count Data Center. 2019. “”Child Population by Race in the United States, 2017″” https://datacenter.kidscount.org/data/tables/103-child-population-by-race.
Table 30: Children in Congregate Care, 2005 and 2017
| Percent Change in Percent of Children in Congregate Care, 2005-2017 | ||||||
| Children in Congregate Care, 2005 | Children in Congregate Care, 2017 | |||||
| Number | Percent | Number | Percent | |||
| Alabama | 1,254 | 19% | 1,060 | 19 | 0 | |
| Alaska | 235 | 13 | 101 | 4 | -69.2 | |
| Arizona | 1,808 | 19 | 2,173 | 15 | -21.1 | |
| Arkansas | 556 | 17 | 835 | 17 | 0.0 | |
| California | 10,369 | 13 | 4,714 | 9 | -30.8 | |
| Colorado | 2,482 | 31 | 1,590 | 28 | -9.7 | |
| Connecticut | 2,014 | 30 | 403 | 10 | -66.7 | |
| Delaware | 215 | 23 | 118 | 15 | -34.8 | |
| District of Columbia | 297 | 13 | 56 | 7 | -46.2 | |
| Florida | 3,909 | 13 | 2,714 | 11 | -15.4 | |
| Georgia | 2,770 | 20 | 1,601 | 12 | -40.0 | |
| Hawaii | 164 | 6 | 70 | 4 | -33.3 | |
| Idaho | 275 | 15 | 123 | 8 | -46.7 | |
| Illinois | 1,935 | 10 | 1,258 | 8 | -20.0 | |
| Indiana | 2,210 | 20 | 1,328 | 6 | -70.0 | |
| Iowa | 1,972 | 29 | 611 | 10 | -65.5 | |
| Kansas | 531 | 9 | 552 | 7 | -22.2 | |
| Kentucky | 2,002 | 28 | 1,202 | 15 | -46.4 | |
| Louisiana | 966 | 20 | 419 | 9 | -55.0 | |
| Maine | 200 | 9 | 79 | 5 | -44.4 | |
| Maryland | 2,346 | 22 | 498 | 13 | -40.9 | |
| Massachusetts | 2,467 | 20 | 1,779 | 16 | -20.0 | |
| Michigan | 3,200 | 16 | 1,137 | 10 | -37.5 | |
| Minnesota | 1,692 | 24 | 1,169 | 12 | -50.0 | |
| Mississippi | 823 | 25 | 347 | 6 | -76.0 | |
| Missouri | 1,597 | 14 | 964 | 8 | -42.9 | |
| Montana | 294 | 13 | 294 | 8 | -38.5 | |
| Nebraska | 1,374 | 22 | 204 | 5 | -77.3 | |
| Nevada | 448 | 10 | 194 | 4 | -60.0 | |
| New Hampshire | 335 | 28 | 315 | 22 | -21.4 | |
| New Jersey | 2,300 | 21 | 332 | 6 | -71.4 | |
| New Mexico | 193 | 8 | 173 | 7 | -12.5 | |
| New York | 6,916 | 23 | 2,929 | 15 | n/a | |
| North Carolina | 2,599 | 24 | 1,266 | 12 | -50.0 | |
| North Dakota | 369 | 27 | 198 | 13 | -51.9 | |
| Ohio | 2,534 | 15 | 2,038 | 14 | -6.7 | |
| Oklahoma | 971 | 9 | 527 | 6 | -33.3 | |
| Oregon | 829 | 8 | 377 | 5 | -37.5 | |
| Pennsylvania | 5,881 | 27 | 2,469 | 15 | -44.4 | |
| Rhode Island | 906 | 36 | 337 | 18 | -50.0 | |
| South Carolina | 1,129 | 24 | 835 | 21 | -12.5 | |
| South Dakota | 420 | 25 | 258 | 16 | -36.0 | |
| Tennessee | 1,403 | 16 | 1,634 | 19 | 18.8 | |
| Texas | 5,818 | 20 | 3941 | 12 | -40.0 | |
| Utah | 380 | 17 | 272 | 9 | -47.1 | |
| Vermont | 293 | 20 | 169 | 13 | -35.0 | |
| Virginia | 1,832 | 26 | 819 | 17 | -34.6 | |
| Washington | 501 | 5 | 538 | 5 | 0.0 | |
| West Virginia | 1,312 | 31 | 1179 | 18 | -41.9 | |
| Wisconsin | 1,318 | 16 | 746 | 10 | -37.5 | |
| Wyoming | 447 | 36 | 201 | 19 | -47.2 | |
| United States | 89,610 | 18 | 50,900 | 12 | -33.3 | |
Note: “n/a” means under review as 2017 AFCARS data for New York are being reviewed.
Source: The Annie E. Casey Foundation, KIDS COUNT Data Center. 2019. “Children in Foster Care by Placement Type.” https://datacenter.kidscount.org/data/tables/6247-children-in-foster-care-by-placement-type.
Table 31: Exits from Foster Care and Exits to Emancipation, FY2017
| Percent by Type of Exit: | ||||||||
| Number of Children Who Exited Foster Care | Median Length of Stay (months) | Reunification | Adoption | Guardianship | Number of Children Who “Aged Out” of the System | Percent Who Aged Out Who Entered Foster Care at Age 13 and Older | ||
| Alabama | 3,382 | 11.8 | 71.4% | 15.0% | 0.9% | 355 | 81.4 | |
| Alaska | 1,341 | 14.8 | 56.1 | 27.2 | 3.3 | 91 | 83.5 | |
| Arizona | 11,866 | 11.9 | 47.8 | 36.3 | 6.2 | 933 | 91.5 | |
| Arkansas | 3,770 | 9.1 | 66.5 | 24.7 | 1.9 | 240 | 83.8 | |
| California | 28,539 | 14.2 | 51.6 | 22.2 | 11.0 | 3,677 | 78.1 | |
| Colorado | 4,873 | 10.3 | 62.6 | 15.0 | 6.7 | 231 | 86.1 | |
| Connecticut | 1,527 | 14.7 | 49.7 | 38.2 | 2.8 | 84 | 57.1 | |
| Delaware | 403 | 11.8 | 39.2 | 27.0 | 19.4 | 53 | 81.1 | |
| District of Columbia | 380 | 16.7 | 47.1 | 25.0 | 8.9 | 70 | 80.0 | |
| Florida | 15,094 | 9.6 | 48.0 | 23.9 | 20.9 | 931 | 88.3 | |
| Georgia | 6,891 | 12.5 | 64.3 | 17.9 | 6.7 | 598 | 88.1 | |
| Hawaii | 1,090 | 11.9 | 57.2 | 18.0 | 14.8 | 66 | 93.9 | |
| Idaho | 1,095 | 9.4 | 63.7 | 22.2 | 6.8 | 64 | 93.8 | |
| Illinois | 3,793 | 23.3 | 40.0 | 47.0 | 6.6 | 202 | 65.8 | |
| Indiana | 11,178 | 10.8 | 68.6 | 17.2 | 9.9 | 353 | 87.5 | |
| Iowa | 3,436 | 9.9 | 54.3 | 28.8 | 9.6 | 251 | 76.9 | |
| Kansas | 3,385 | 13.8 | 58.6 | 19.9 | 6.7 | 426 | 86.4 | |
| Kentucky | 5,412 | 13.7 | 65.3 | 20.8 | 0.5 | 691 | 92.0 | |
| Louisiana | 3,444 | 11.7 | 59.7 | 22.4 | 8.9 | 179 | 79.9 | |
| Maine | 1,067 | 14.4 | 44.3 | 42.6 | 6.7 | 62 | 66.1 | |
| Maryland | 2,196 | 14.8 | 63.5 | 15.7 | 3.4 | 353 | 71.7 | |
| Massachusetts | 5,831 | 14.6 | 64.7 | 11.2 | 9.3 | 844 | 84.8 | |
| Michigan | 6,312 | 12.8 | 49.4 | 30.7 | 5.7 | 690 | 83.0 | |
| Minnesota | 6,225 | 10.4 | 67.1 | 15.3 | 8.4 | 451 | 81.4 | |
| Mississippi | 2,890 | 11.5 | 70.9 | 12.6 | 11.0 | 59 | 83.1 | |
| Missouri | 6,640 | 12.2 | 47.9 | 21.9 | 20.1 | 560 | 80.0 | |
| Montana | 1,829 | 11.8 | 67.0 | 15.0 | 9.8 | 68 | 79.4 | |
| Nebraska | 2,369 | 11.2 | 58.7 | 23.2 | 9.3 | 130 | 86.2 | |
| Nevada | 3,145 | 12.7 | 61.7 | 23.2 | 6.1 | 182 | 81.9 | |
| New Hampshire | 537 | 10.5 | 49.9 | 18.6 | 3.5 | 129 | 92.2 | |
| New Jersey | 4,196 | 14.4 | 60.3 | 26.4 | 5.0 | 293 | 81.2 | |
| New Mexico | 1,824 | 15.5 | 69.5 | 21.2 | 2.6 | 80 | 81.3 | |
| New York | 8,055 | 21.9 | 54.6 | 21.6 | 4.8 | 538 | 80.9 | |
| North Carolina | 4,745 | 12.5 | 45.7 | 28.0 | 20.0 | 198 | 87.9 | |
| North Dakota | 970 | 13.3 | 62.3 | 14.7 | 6.7 | 50 | 90.0 | |
| Ohio | 10,234 | 10.6 | 68.9 | 14.7 | 4.3 | 1,030 | 86.7 | |
| Oklahoma | 5,824 | 14.3 | 44.0 | 42.9 | 5.5 | 239 | 74.9 | |
| Oregon | 3,177 | 14.5 | 53.1 | 20.7 | 13.6 | 322 | 68.3 | |
| Pennsylvania | 9,661 | 13.1 | 55.8 | 22.3 | 7.4 | 874 | 91.5 | |
| Rhode Island | 1,017 | 12.3 | 49.7 | 24.4 | 10.5 | 129 | 82.9 | |
| South Carolina | 3,538 | 11.6 | 76.9 | 13.7 | 1.7 | 254 | 83.9 | |
| South Dakota | 968 | 11.1 | 54.3 | 18.6 | 11.4 | 64 | 60.9 | |
| Tennessee | 4,688 | 9.7 | 55.2 | 23.5 | 5.2 | 343 | 94.8 | |
| Texas | 18,183 | 10.4 | 36.8 | 29.4 | 26.7 | 1,164 | 73.7 | |
| Utah | 2,108 | 8.6 | 49.9 | 29.6 | 8.6 | 171 | 89.5 | |
| Vermont | 745 | 14.1 | 52.8 | 35.3 | 3.9 | 50 | 76.0 | |
| Virginia | 2,842 | 13.9 | 49.7 | 29.3 | 0.0 | 427 | 85.2 | |
| Washington | 5,423 | 16.4 | 63.2 | 25.0 | 7.1 | 189 | 74.1 | |
| West Virginia | 3,808 | 8.6 | 58.8 | 28.0 | 9.0 | 93 | 93.5 | |
| Wisconsin | 4,512 | 12.7 | 57.0 | 15.3 | 18.4 | 372 | 83.9 | |
| Wyoming | 977 | 9.1 | 72.9 | 8.4 | 9.0 | 13 | 100.0 | |
| United States FY2017 | 247,631 | 12.9 | 49% | 24% | 10% | 19,945 | ||
| United States FY2018 | 250,103 | 14.7 | 49% | 25% | 11% | 17,844 | ||
Note: National data is presented for both FY2017 and FY2018 but state data is presented for FY2017 alone as state data for FY2018 was not available at the time of publication.
Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2018. “Child Welfare Outcomes Report Data.” https://cwoutcomes.acf.hhs.gov/cwodatasite/threeOne/index; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2018. The Adoption Foster Care Analysis Reporting System (AFCARS) Report, Preliminary FY 2017 Estimates as of August 10, 2018 – No. 25.” https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/cb/afcarsreport25.pdf; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2019. The Adoption Foster Care Analysis Reporting System (AFCARS) Report, Preliminary FY 2018 Estimates as of August 22, 2019 – No. 26.” https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/cb/afcarsreport26.pdf.
Table 32: Percent of Children Who Have Had Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) by Number and Type of ACE, 2017-2018
| Type of ACE: | |||||||||||||
| Number of ACES: | Hard to Get by on Family’s Incomea | Parent Divorced or Separated | Parent Died | Parent Served Time in Jail | Witnessed Domestic Violence | Victim or Witness of Neighborhood Violence | Lived With Anyone Mentally Ill, Suicidal or Depressed | Lived With Anyone With Alcohol or Drug Problem | Treated or Judged Unfairly Due to Race/ Ethnicity | ||||
| Percent With 0 ACEs | Percent With 1 ACE | Percent With 2+ ACEs | |||||||||||
| Alabama | 53.2% | 24.1% | 22.6% | 27.9% | 28.8% | 3.1% | 9.4% | 6.8% | 4.5% | 7.7% | 8.8% | 4.7% | |
| Alaska | 55.6 | 18.9 | 25.5 | 25.5 | 26.3 | 3.5 | 11.6 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 11.2 | 14.2 | 4.1 | |
| Arizona | 54.5 | 23.6 | 21.9 | 26.7 | 25.9 | 3.0 | 8.4 | 4.9 | 4.1 | 8.1 | 11.6 | 4.4 | |
| Arkansas | 49.2 | 25.1 | 25.7 | 25.9 | 29.5 | 4.9 | 11.8 | 8.6 | 6.2 | 9.8 | 12.6 | 3.3 | |
| California | 63.9 | 22.1 | 14.0 | 16.8 | 21.1 | 2.3 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 2.5 | 4.8 | 6.3 | 3.4 | |
| Colorado | 61.2 | 21.3 | 17.5 | 24.7 | 20.7 | 2.0 | 7.0 | 3.9 | 3.1 | 8.4 | 10.1 | 3.7 | |
| Connecticut | 61.5 | 21.7 | 16.8 | 22.4 | 18.7 | 3.4 | 5.3 | 4.3 | 3.4 | 7.8 | 8.4 | 3.6 | |
| Delaware | 56.9 | 22.6 | 20.5 | 25.2 | 23.9 | 2.4 | 8.5 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 7.8 | 8.1 | 4.8 | |
| District of Columbia | 55.6 | 23.3 | 21.0 | 22.2 | 20.2 | 6.4 | 8.1 | 5.8 | 9.9 | 6.4 | 9.2 | 7.5 | |
| Florida | 53.6 | 25.7 | 20.8 | 27.9 | 27.9 | 3.4 | 7.2 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 8.1 | 8.6 | 3.5 | |
| Georgia | 56.2 | 22.9 | 21.0 | 20.7 | 26.4 | 3.0 | 10.4 | 5.9 | 4.1 | 6.1 | 9.5 | 4.4 | |
| Hawaii | 63.4 | 21.0 | 15.6 | 15.8 | 18.0 | 3.3 | 4.7 | 6.5 | 5.1 | 5.4 | 7.5 | 2.5 | |
| Idaho | 57.6 | 23.6 | 18.8 | 26.0 | 21.6 | 1.7 | 8.3 | 5.5 | 2.9 | 12.1 | 10.1 | 1.7 | |
| Illinois | 60.8 | 22.5 | 16.7 | 20.7 | 19.0 | 4.1 | 7.4 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 7.5 | 6.1 | 5.1 | |
| Indiana | 56.0 | 23.6 | 20.4 | 22.0 | 25.0 | 4.7 | 10.1 | 6.3 | 3.9 | 9.5 | 10.3 | 2.7 | |
| Iowa | 61.8 | 20.1 | 18.1 | 22.2 | 20.7 | 2.8 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 5.6 | 7.9 | 10.3 | 2.1 | |
| Kansas | 56.3 | 23.7 | 20.0 | 22.8 | 26.0 | 2.3 | 8.5 | 6.6 | 4.8 | 7.5 | 8.6 | 4.8 | |
| Kentucky | 52.3 | 23.3 | 24.4 | 26.7 | 28.7 | 3.4 | 12.0 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 8.4 | 11.4 | 3.5 | |
| Louisiana | 52.0 | 26.7 | 21.3 | 26.9 | 27.7 | 4.5 | 9.5 | 6.0 | 3.4 | 7.6 | 8.1 | 2.3 | |
| Maine | 56.5 | 24.4 | 19.2 | 24.4 | 26.1 | 2.1 | 6.5 | 5.0 | 4.0 | 10.7 | 10.5 | 1.1 | |
| Maryland | 59.0 | 25.6 | 15.4 | 20.4 | 23.6 | 2.4 | 4.9 | 3.5 | 2.6 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 6.4 | |
| Massachusetts | 64.0 | 21.1 | 14.9 | 20.6 | 18.7 | 2.5 | 3.3 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 7.2 | 6.2 | 2.7 | |
| Michigan | 53.3 | 24.4 | 22.4 | 25.6 | 27.5 | 4.0 | 9.2 | 5.1 | 4.3 | 9.1 | 9.3 | 4.9 | |
| Minnesota | 62.9 | 19.8 | 17.3 | 21.0 | 17.6 | 2.0 | 7.3 | 4.8 | 4.1 | 10.0 | 7.4 | 3.5 | |
| Mississippi | 49.3 | 28.4 | 22.2 | 32.6 | 27.5 | 5.7 | 10.9 | 8.5 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 9.0 | 4.9 | |
| Missouri | 54.5 | 24.0 | 21.6 | 31.0 | 26.0 | 2.0 | 9.9 | 7.0 | 4.9 | 8.1 | 10.5 | 2.5 | |
| Montana | 51.4 | 23.0 | 25.6 | 28.6 | 26.7 | 3.5 | 11.3 | 9.5 | 6.2 | 14.0 | 16.8 | 3.9 | |
| Nebraska | 60.8 | 20.3 | 18.9 | 23.1 | 21.9 | 2.4 | 8.2 | 5.3 | 2.9 | 7.0 | 11.1 | 1.7 | |
| Nevada | 54.2 | 23.9 | 22.0 | 20.4 | 28.1 | 3.0 | 11.2 | 5.5 | 4.8 | 8.3 | 11.4 | 4.4 | |
| New Hampshire | 62.2 | 21.4 | 16.4 | 22.9 | 20.2 | 3.7 | 2.9 | 4.3 | 1.8 | 9.0 | 8.9 | 1.2 | |
| New Jersey | 65.5 | 22.0 | 12.5 | 25.2 | 14.8 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 1.7 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 2.9 | |
| New Mexico | 47.0 | 26.2 | 26.8 | 23.8 | 30.6 | 4.9 | 12.6 | 9.3 | 6.9 | 8.6 | 12.1 | 7.3 | |
| New York | 60.9 | 24.3 | 14.8 | 25.1 | 20.0 | 2.9 | 2.2 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 5.6 | 4.2 | 4.1 | |
| North Carolina | 57.2 | 23.6 | 19.2 | 21.4 | 24.7 | 3.1 | 8.8 | 6.9 | 4.0 | 7.8 | 7.3 | 3.9 | |
| North Dakota | 62.4 | 17.6 | 20.0 | 23.6 | 18.5 | 1.2 | 8.2 | 6.8 | 5.7 | 9.9 | 12.0 | 2.5 | |
| Ohio | 52.2 | 24.5 | 23.3 | 26.5 | 25.4 | 4.6 | 10.2 | 7.2 | 5.2 | 9.6 | 8.9 | 4.2 | |
| Oklahoma | 46.1 | 25.8 | 28.1 | 28.1 | 32.5 | 4.1 | 14.6 | 10.2 | 6.3 | 11.4 | 13.6 | 4.4 | |
| Oregon | 53.7 | 23.0 | 23.3 | 24.5 | 24.6 | 2.4 | 6.8 | 6.3 | 3.6 | 11.5 | 12.9 | 5.2 | |
| Pennsylvania | 62.5 | 21.0 | 16.5 | 22.0 | 17.8 | 5.1 | 7.9 | 3.5 | 4.6 | 5.2 | 7.1 | 3.8 | |
| Rhode Island | 61.7 | 22.2 | 16.1 | 19.5 | 20.5 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 7.0 | 6.6 | 3.5 | |
| South Carolina | 59.8 | 21.5 | 18.7 | 19.9 | 23.5 | 5.2 | 10.0 | 5.8 | 3.3 | 7.4 | 6.4 | 4.1 | |
| South Dakota | 57.7 | 22.0 | 20.3 | 26.0 | 22.1 | 2.5 | 8.2 | 6.0 | 4.2 | 8.3 | 10.4 | 4.4 | |
| Tennessee | 52.6 | 24.8 | 22.6 | 24.7 | 28.4 | 3.6 | 12.0 | 7.1 | 3.1 | 8.4 | 8.8 | 4.8 | |
| Texas | 58.9 | 24.3 | 16.8 | 23.2 | 22.4 | 4.4 | 7.6 | 5.9 | 3.6 | 6.1 | 7.1 | 3.0 | |
| Utah | 62.1 | 20.1 | 17.8 | 21.4 | 19.7 | 2.1 | 5.5 | 3.2 | 4.8 | 10.8 | 5.4 | 2.7 | |
| Vermont | 56.5 | 22.5 | 21.0 | 22.5 | 25.8 | 1.2 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 3.6 | 9.4 | 13.1 | 2.2 | |
| Virginia | 57.1 | 24.1 | 18.8 | 24.4 | 25.1 | 3.8 | 8.0 | 4.7 | 2.5 | 6.9 | 6.3 | 3.7 | |
| Washington | 59.6 | 22.6 | 17.8 | 21.5 | 23.1 | 1.6 | 6.2 | 4.6 | 4.9 | 8.1 | 10.8 | 5.2 | |
| West Virginia | 48.3 | 24.2 | 27.5 | 28.6 | 33.9 | 4.1 | 11.2 | 8.8 | 7.8 | 10.7 | 15.3 | 1.8 | |
| Wisconsin | 58.6 | 20.7 | 20.8 | 17.8 | 26.9 | 3.2 | 8.0 | 6.2 | 3.2 | 9.1 | 10.1 | 3.8 | |
| Wyoming | 54.0 | 21.4 | 24.6 | 27.8 | 26.7 | 3.1 | 9.0 | 7.3 | 5.3 | 11.3 | 12.6 | 3.2 | |
| United States | 58.2% | 23.3% | 18.6% | 23.0% | 23.4% | 3.3% | 7.4% | 5.3% | 4.0% | 7.3% | 8.0% | 3.8% | |
a Due to changes in items between survey years, this indicator could not be combined for 2017 and 2018. Data are from 2017 alone.
Source: 2017-2018 National Survey of Children’s Health. 2019. “Indicator 6.13: Adverse Childhood Experiences.” Data Resource Center for Child & Adolescent Health. https://www.childhealthdata.org/browse/survey/.