Table 21: Percent of Fourth and Eighth Grade Public School Students Performing Below Proficiency in Reading and Math by Income Status, 2019
| Lower Income Students | Higher Income Students | ||||||||||
| 4th Grade | 8th Grade | 4th Grade | 8th Grade | ||||||||
| Reading | Math | Reading | Math | Reading | Math | Reading | Math | ||||
| Alabama | 84.4% | 84.3% | 86.0% | 91.2% | 55.1% | 55.6% | 66.8% | 65.9% | |||
| Alaska | 86.2 | 80.3 | 87.0 | 83.6 | 63.2 | 53.3 | 67.1 | 58.6 | |||
| Arizona | 82.3 | 77.8 | 83.5 | 79.0 | 53.6 | 45.2 | 58.4 | 59.2 | |||
| Arkansas | 76.3 | 76.0 | 79.3 | 83.3 | 52.4 | 47.8 | 56.2 | 55.4 | |||
| California | 79.6 | 81.2 | 81.6 | 84.1 | 48.2 | 43.9 | 53.0 | 50.3 | |||
| Colorado | 78.1 | 77.0 | 80.7 | 81.7 | 45.8 | 39.3 | 51.3 | 51.3 | |||
| Connecticut | 80.3 | 77.1 | 76.8 | 81.7 | 43.2 | 37.4 | 47.7 | 47.7 | |||
| Delaware | 82.8 | 76.8 | 83.8 | 87.1 | 60.0 | 53.6 | 63.7 | 64.4 | |||
| District of Columbia | 81.2 | 77.0 | 88.8 | 88.4 | 38.6 | 35.6 | 50.3 | 48.8 | |||
| Florida | 72.1 | 62.2 | 75.4 | 81.1 | 47.8 | 37.7 | 53.0 | 53.6 | |||
| Georgia | 80.0 | 78.0 | 79.4 | 83.4 | 43.8 | 37.4 | 50.3 | 47.3 | |||
| Hawaii | 78.2 | 76.4 | 83.3 | 84.9 | 55.6 | 47.1 | 62.0 | 63.0 | |||
| Idaho | 74.5 | 69.2 | 75.2 | 78.1 | 51.0 | 44.4 | 53.2 | 51.0 | |||
| Illinois | 79.3 | 75.6 | 78.8 | 79.6 | 50.5 | 46.0 | 50.3 | 53.7 | |||
| Indiana | 76.1 | 67.2 | 75.4 | 76.9 | 47.6 | 36.9 | 51.9 | 50.0 | |||
| Iowa | 77.9 | 74.9 | 82.9 | 82.3 | 54.2 | 43.3 | 56.7 | 56.2 | |||
| Kansas | 79.8 | 75.2 | 80.5 | 80.3 | 51.8 | 43.2 | 55.5 | 54.2 | |||
| Kentucky | 74.5 | 71.3 | 76.7 | 82.1 | 49.8 | 42.8 | 52.5 | 56.8 | |||
| Louisiana | 81.6 | 80.0 | 81.5 | 85.7 | 55.6 | 47.9 | 56.5 | 60.3 | |||
| Maine | 76.8 | 73.0 | 75.9 | 81.0 | 53.5 | 45.2 | 55.9 | 56.0 | |||
| Maryland | 81.1 | 78.5 | 81.7 | 85.9 | 49.2 | 44.0 | 51.6 | 54.1 | |||
| Massachusetts | 74.4 | 71.7 | 76.1 | 74.6 | 44.8 | 37.5 | 47.4 | 43.8 | |||
| Michigan | 80.2 | 79.5 | 81.2 | 83.7 | 55.2 | 48.4 | 56.9 | 57.1 | |||
| Minnesota | 79.4 | 68.9 | 82.5 | 77.7 | 51.1 | 34.2 | 56.7 | 43.9 | |||
| Mississippi | 74.1 | 68.6 | 81.3 | 83.1 | 46.3 | 33.1 | 54.8 | 53.8 | |||
| Missouri | 77.4 | 72.0 | 78.7 | 82.1 | 49.3 | 43.9 | 54.8 | 54.7 | |||
| Montana | 77.6 | 71.2 | 76.2 | 78.4 | 51.2 | 45.2 | 57.8 | 54.7 | |||
| Nebraska | 78.0 | 70.0 | 81.6 | 79.4 | 50.3 | 40.0 | 54.8 | 51.6 | |||
| Nevada | 76.4 | 74.9 | 79.6 | 84.2 | 54.3 | 46.0 | 59.8 | 60.1 | |||
| New Hampshire | 78.7 | 71.7 | 80.3 | 80.9 | 52.6 | 45.0 | 55.4 | 53.4 | |||
| New Jersey | 77.5 | 73.7 | 77.5 | 78.3 | 43.7 | 35.6 | 45.8 | 43.2 | |||
| New Mexico | 82.9 | 77.1 | 84.0 | 85.9 | 52.2 | 48.8 | 56.9 | 60.3 | |||
| New York | 79.9 | 76.4 | 78.2 | 79.2 | 47.4 | 45.7 | 57.5 | 54.0 | |||
| North Carolina | 79.0 | 74.1 | 79.6 | 79.6 | 49.9 | 44.5 | 57.6 | 51.1 | |||
| North Dakota | 78.0 | 73.2 | 80.7 | 80.2 | 58.8 | 47.1 | 62.8 | 54.1 | |||
| Ohio | 77.7 | 74.5 | 80.5 | 83.2 | 46.6 | 41.3 | 47.4 | 46.0 | |||
| Oklahoma | 79.7 | 76.2 | 83.0 | 84.0 | 57.7 | 47.0 | 61.4 | 61.2 | |||
| Oregon | 77.1 | 73.8 | 76.6 | 80.1 | 48.3 | 42.8 | 52.7 | 53.8 | |||
| Pennsylvania | 77.1 | 73.7 | 78.7 | 80.2 | 44.6 | 35.2 | 53.5 | 47.3 | |||
| Rhode Island | 79.2 | 74.0 | 81.8 | 88.1 | 50.4 | 44.2 | 50.4 | 55.0 | |||
| South Carolina | 80.3 | 77.0 | 80.8 | 83.7 | 48.0 | 41.3 | 56.8 | 53.8 | |||
| South Dakota | 77.0 | 75.0 | 82.7 | 77.9 | 57.8 | 47.9 | 62.1 | 53.6 | |||
| Tennessee | 82.4 | 78.4 | 82.6 | 84.9 | 57.2 | 51.3 | 62.7 | 61.7 | |||
| Texas | 81.1 | 68.5 | 85.2 | 81.3 | 51.7 | 37.6 | 60.0 | 55.3 | |||
| Utah | 77.6 | 67.8 | 75.2 | 80.6 | 50.5 | 45.9 | 55.3 | 53.2 | |||
| Vermont | 78.6 | 72.7 | 72.1 | 77.0 | 52.7 | 52.8 | 52.8 | 53.7 | |||
| Virginia | 79.9 | 70.0 | 81.7 | 80.5 | 48.3 | 38.7 | 57.8 | 51.1 | |||
| Washington | 78.3 | 75.7 | 79.1 | 76.9 | 49.8 | 43.8 | 45.6 | 44.0 | |||
| West Virginia | 77.9 | 81.2 | 81.3 | 85.3 | 59.9 | 57.4 | 69.1 | 68.0 | |||
| Wisconsin | 79.9 | 73.7 | 76.9 | 78.2 | 52.2 | 40.9 | 50.4 | 45.8 | |||
| Wyoming | 72.7 | 66.5 | 79.0 | 76.3 | 51.1 | 43.6 | 59.2 | 55.7 | |||
| United States | 78.9% | 74.3% | 80.5% | 81.8% | 49.6% | 42.1% | 54.5% | 52.2% | |||
Notes: Lower-income students are students who qualify for free and reduced-price school lunch, which means their families’ incomes are at or below 185 percent of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). Higher-income students are students who do not qualify, or whose families’ incomes are higher than 185 percent of FPL.
Source: U.S. Department of Education and NAEP. 2019. “2019 Mathematics Grades 4 and 8 Assessment Report Cards: Summary Data Tables for National and State Average Scores and Achievement Level Results” https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/; U.S. Department of Education and NAEP. 2019. “2019 Reading Grades 4 and 8 Assessment Report Cards: Summary Data Tables for National and State Average Scores and Achievement Level Results.” https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/.
Table 22: Percent of Fourth Grade Public School Students Performing Below Proficiency in Reading or Math by Race/Ethnicity, 2019
| Reading | Math | ||||||||||||||||
| All Students | White | Hispanic | Black | Asian | Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander | Two or More Races | State Rank Based on Readinga | All Students | White | Hispanic | Black | Asian | Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander | Two or More Races | State Rank Based on Matha | ||
| Alabama | 71.8% | 61.9% | 79.8% | 87.1% | n/a | n/a | n/a | 47 | 71.9% | 61.6% | 83.8% | 88.3% | n/a | n/a | n/a | 50 | |
| Alaska | 74.9 | 64.5 | 78.6 | n/a | 72.5 | 90.5 | 73.3 | 49 | 66.8 | 51.3 | 73.3 | 77.8 | 74.1 | 86.7 | 68.7 | 46 | |
| Arizona | 68.6 | 56.0 | 80.2 | 78.6 | n/a | n/a | 58.8 | 41 | 62.7 | 46.4 | 76.4 | 80.4 | 24.2 | n/a | 50.2 | 36 | |
| Arkansas | 68.8 | 62.5 | 73.3 | 84.8 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 42 | 66.8 | 58.8 | 74.3 | 86.8 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 45 | |
| California | 67.9 | 50.7 | 78.3 | 82.2 | 42.8 | n/a | 54.0 | 37 | 66.4 | 46.0 | 79.5 | 80.8 | 34.2 | n/a | 45.8 | 44 | |
| Colorado | 60.3 | 49.7 | 77.0 | 75.2 | 52.2 | n/a | 51.0 | 7 | 55.5 | 42.9 | 74.8 | 75.4 | 38.8 | n/a | 53.7 | 14 | |
| Connecticut | 59.9 | 47.2 | 80.0 | 83.1 | 35.4 | n/a | 52.2 | 4 | 55.0 | 43.5 | 74.1 | 79.2 | 26.9 | n/a | 45.2 | 12 | |
| Delaware | 67.5 | 53.7 | 77.6 | 84.2 | 30.1 | n/a | 72.1 | 35 | 60.9 | 47.1 | 71.7 | 79.7 | 19.7 | n/a | 53.0 | 31 | |
| District of Columbia | 69.9 | 20.8 | 73.1 | 80.7 | n/a | n/a | 31.6 | – | 65.8 | 16.1 | 67.3 | 77.8 | n/a | n/a | n/a | – | |
| Florida | 62.3 | 53.6 | 66.1 | 77.0 | 30.7 | n/a | 66.7 | 11 | 52.5 | 41.0 | 57.3 | 72.4 | 24.2 | n/a | 51.0 | 6 | |
| Georgia | 67.8 | 51.7 | 77.4 | 83.1 | 37.5 | n/a | 62.7 | 36 | 63.5 | 47.6 | 75.3 | 81.0 | 17.2 | n/a | 53.2 | 39 | |
| Hawaii | 66.2 | 44.3 | 72.8 | n/a | 58.8 | 82.4 | 61.5 | 33 | 60.2 | 42.3 | 66.4 | n/a | 46.1 | 81.9 | 54.5 | 28 | |
| Idaho | 62.6 | 57.2 | 82.0 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 62.7 | 12 | 57.0 | 51.1 | 75.7 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 66.5 | 18 | |
| Illinois | 65.6 | 55.1 | 77.3 | 82.7 | 43.3 | n/a | 57.0 | 28 | 61.5 | 49.0 | 71.6 | 85.5 | 35.1 | n/a | 60.4 | 35 | |
| Indiana | 63.0 | 57.1 | 75.6 | 83.0 | 52.8 | n/a | 66.8 | 14 | 52.9 | 45.9 | 66.2 | 80.5 | 36.7 | n/a | 53.8 | 8 | |
| Iowa | 64.9 | 60.4 | 79.6 | 89.3 | 57.5 | n/a | 64.9 | 23 | 58.0 | 51.3 | 79.4 | 87.0 | n/a | n/a | 68.4 | 20 | |
| Kansas | 66.2 | 60.4 | 79.0 | 85.3 | n/a | n/a | 66.0 | 32 | 59.7 | 50.9 | 77.7 | 86.3 | 41.3 | n/a | 62.3 | 25 | |
| Kentucky | 64.9 | 61.2 | 75.5 | 85.8 | 46.9 | n/a | 66.6 | 26 | 60.1 | 56.3 | 73.3 | 79.6 | 35.0 | n/a | 62.1 | 26 | |
| Louisiana | 74.3 | 63.1 | 76.2 | 87.2 | n/a | n/a | 63.0 | 48 | 71.2 | 56.6 | 79.7 | 86.6 | n/a | n/a | 62.7 | 48 | |
| Maine | 64.0 | 63.3 | n/a | 81.1 | n/a | n/a | 66.3 | 18 | 58.2 | 56.6 | n/a | 80.3 | n/a | n/a | 64.7 | 21 | |
| Maryland | 64.9 | 51.7 | 77.9 | 77.6 | 36.5 | n/a | 54.9 | 24 | 60.9 | 46.1 | 72.6 | 77.3 | 19.7 | n/a | 57.9 | 32 | |
| Massachusetts | 54.6 | 45.9 | 75.2 | 75.6 | 38.3 | n/a | 32.7 | 1 | 49.8 | 40.7 | 69.8 | 72.0 | 21.9 | n/a | 51.4 | 2 | |
| Michigan | 68.4 | 62.8 | 81.8 | 85.0 | 55.8 | n/a | 65.2 | 39 | 64.4 | 56.1 | 78.7 | 89.7 | 40.4 | n/a | 71.4 | 41 | |
| Minnesota | 61.9 | 54.5 | 80.6 | 80.7 | 61.0 | n/a | 60.9 | 10 | 47.1 | 35.3 | 78.8 | 74.5 | 43.9 | n/a | 50.6 | 1 | |
| Mississippi | 68.5 | 57.1 | 66.4 | 80.6 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 40 | 61.2 | 44.7 | 57.7 | 78.4 | n/a | n/a | 51.1 | 33 | |
| Missouri | 65.8 | 62.4 | 72.4 | 82.2 | n/a | n/a | 64.6 | 31 | 60.7 | 55.2 | 65.3 | 85.1 | n/a | n/a | 61.8 | 29 | |
| Montana | 63.6 | 59.6 | 73.6 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 66.1 | 16 | 57.4 | 52.8 | 67.3 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 63.0 | 19 | |
| Nebraska | 63.2 | 55.1 | 77.4 | 85.0 | n/a | n/a | 72.8 | 15 | 54.5 | 45.2 | 71.8 | 83.9 | 56.8 | n/a | 55.3 | 11 | |
| Nevada | 69.1 | 57.0 | 76.0 | 84.2 | 52.5 | n/a | 64.7 | 43 | 65.7 | 50.8 | 74.7 | 85.1 | 43.3 | n/a | 60.8 | 43 | |
| New Hampshire | 61.8 | 61.1 | 74.0 | n/a | 51.9 | n/a | n/a | 9 | 54.2 | 53.2 | 73.6 | 71.1 | 29.1 | n/a | n/a | 10 | |
| New Jersey | 58.1 | 46.6 | 73.9 | 76.5 | 35.5 | n/a | n/a | 2 | 51.8 | 39.0 | 70.3 | 75.6 | 19.5 | n/a | n/a | 3 | |
| New Mexico | 76.3 | 59.2 | 81.3 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 50 | 71.3 | 56.4 | 76.4 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 49 | |
| New York | 65.7 | 56.0 | 77.7 | 84.0 | 48.6 | n/a | 46.7 | 30 | 63.1 | 53.2 | 78.8 | 83.1 | 31.0 | n/a | 56.5 | 38 | |
| North Carolina | 64.0 | 50.7 | 77.0 | 79.9 | 41.3 | n/a | 60.1 | 19 | 58.6 | 43.5 | 68.2 | 78.2 | 21.0 | n/a | 76.4 | 22 | |
| North Dakota | 65.7 | 61.8 | 75.8 | 76.4 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 29 | 55.7 | 50.5 | 72.0 | 76.0 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 15 | |
| Ohio | 63.9 | 57.5 | 77.9 | 85.2 | 38.0 | n/a | 72.7 | 17 | 58.9 | 51.5 | 75.8 | 85.6 | 30.0 | n/a | 60.8 | 23 | |
| Oklahoma | 71.5 | 65.3 | 81.4 | 86.7 | n/a | n/a | 68.5 | 46 | 65.5 | 57.7 | 78.5 | 81.6 | n/a | n/a | 67.9 | 42 | |
| Oregon | 66.2 | 61.8 | 82.6 | n/a | 54.1 | n/a | 52.8 | 34 | 62.8 | 55.3 | 80.8 | n/a | 38.8 | n/a | 73.1 | 37 | |
| Pennsylvania | 60.3 | 51.7 | 81.6 | 83.4 | 34.6 | n/a | 65.4 | 6 | 52.7 | 42.4 | 77.5 | 79.0 | 32.7 | n/a | 52.4 | 7 | |
| Rhode Island | 64.6 | 54.5 | 79.6 | 85.3 | 60.7 | n/a | 67.3 | 22 | 59.5 | 49.2 | 76.1 | 76.3 | 48.4 | n/a | 70.5 | 24 | |
| South Carolina | 68.2 | 55.4 | 73.1 | 85.4 | n/a | n/a | 69.9 | 38 | 63.7 | 47.3 | 72.9 | 85.3 | n/a | n/a | 66.7 | 40 | |
| South Dakota | 64.0 | 58.6 | 80.4 | 78.6 | n/a | n/a | 67.8 | 20 | 57.0 | 48.8 | 76.2 | 80.2 | n/a | n/a | 67.7 | 17 | |
| Tennessee | 65.4 | 57.3 | 79.0 | 82.4 | n/a | n/a | 59.7 | 27 | 60.1 | 51.1 | 80.1 | 77.4 | n/a | n/a | 54.8 | 27 | |
| Texas | 69.7 | 51.8 | 78.9 | 84.3 | 34.9 | n/a | 62.3 | 45 | 56.3 | 41.1 | 65.1 | 68.5 | 18.2 | n/a | 48.9 | 16 | |
| Utah | 60.0 | 54.2 | 80.2 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 56.9 | 5 | 53.7 | 47.7 | 75.0 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 52.2 | 9 | |
| Vermont | 62.9 | 62.8 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 57.0 | 13 | 61.2 | 60.3 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 66.9 | 34 | |
| Virginia | 61.7 | 53.8 | 74.5 | 80.6 | 37.0 | n/a | 56.0 | 8 | 52.1 | 42.6 | 64.2 | 74.0 | 23.6 | n/a | 49.2 | 4 | |
| Washington | 64.9 | 56.9 | 80.6 | 79.0 | 51.0 | n/a | 58.5 | 25 | 60.7 | 52.8 | 76.3 | 78.7 | 33.4 | n/a | 60.0 | 30 | |
| West Virginia | 69.7 | 68.9 | n/a | 84.0 | n/a | n/a | 79.0 | 44 | 70.4 | 69.3 | n/a | 83.6 | n/a | n/a | 73.5 | 47 | |
| Wisconsin | 64.5 | 58.3 | 77.3 | 89.3 | 64.8 | n/a | 64.4 | 21 | 55.2 | 46.7 | 72.8 | 85.9 | 59.0 | n/a | 60.3 | 13 | |
| Wyoming | 59.4 | 56.2 | 69.7 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 3 | 52.2 | 48.1 | 63.5 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 5 | |
| United States | 65.7% | 55.6% | 77.4% | 82.4% | 43.4% | 75.9% | 60.3% | 59.6% | 48.1% | 72.4% | 79.9% | 30.3% | 70.8% | 56.5% | 56.5 | ||
a States are ranked 1-50 with 1 meaning the lowest percent of students performing below proficiency and 50 meaning the highest percent of students performing below proficiency. States with different ranks may have same percents due to rounding.
Note: “n/a” means reporting standards were not met and sample size was insufficient to generate a reliable estimate. Racial categories (White, Black, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, two or more races) exclude children of Hispanic ethnicity. Hispanic children can be of any race.
Source: U.S. Department of Education and NAEP. 2019. “2019 Mathematics Grades 4 and 8 Assessment Report Cards: Summary Data Tables for National and State Average Scores and Achievement Level Results” https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/; U.S. Department of Education and NAEP. 2019. “2019 Reading Grades 4 and 8 Assessment Report Cards: Summary Data Tables for National and State Average Scores and Achievement Level Results.” https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/.
Table 23: Percent of Eighth Grade Public School Students Performing Below Proficiency in Reading or Math by Race/Ethnicity, 2019
| Reading | Math | ||||||||||||||||
| All Students | White | Hispanic | Black | Asian | Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander | Two or More Races | State Rank Based on Readinga | All Students | White | Hispanic | Black | Asian | Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander | Two or More Races | State Rank Based on Matha | ||
| Alabama | 76.4% | 69.9% | 83.1% | 88.5% | n/a | n/a | n/a | 48 | 78.7% | 70.5% | 89.2% | 92.9% | n/a | n/a | n/a | 49 | |
| Alaska | 76.7 | 67.1 | 81.6 | 88.3 | 74.9 | 90.4 | 74.8 | 50 | 71.0 | 59.0 | 73.6 | 91.0 | 69.1 | 88.8 | 68.7 | 38 | |
| Arizona | 71.6 | 58.9 | 81.0 | 85.2 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 42 | 69.0 | 54.6 | 80.1 | 80.0 | 32.5 | n/a | n/a | 32 | |
| Arkansas | 70.5 | 65.1 | 71.1 | 89.0 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 38 | 72.7 | 65.3 | 77.3 | 92.5 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 43 | |
| California | 70.2 | 55.1 | 80.6 | 90.2 | 42.7 | n/a | 60.3 | 37 | 71.5 | 53.2 | 85.3 | 89.7 | 37.4 | n/a | 56.6 | 41 | |
| Colorado | 62.3 | 51.9 | 79.8 | 82.1 | 44.9 | n/a | 51.4 | 10 | 63.1 | 52.4 | 80.6 | 82.2 | 34.0 | n/a | 62.7 | 18 | |
| Connecticut | 59.0 | 48.9 | 76.9 | 78.3 | 40.1 | n/a | n/a | 3 | 60.8 | 49.6 | 82.5 | 85.9 | 20.6 | n/a | 68.3 | 7 | |
| Delaware | 69.0 | 58.2 | 79.8 | 83.6 | 33.5 | n/a | 62.5 | 36 | 70.8 | 58.8 | 81.5 | 87.1 | 30.8 | n/a | 65.9 | 37 | |
| District of Columbia | 77.0 | 26.6 | 75.9 | 86.6 | n/a | n/a | n/a | – | 77.0 | 23.2 | 82.4 | 85.3 | n/a | n/a | n/a | – | |
| Florida | 66.1 | 55.4 | 70.0 | 83.4 | 43.7 | n/a | 54.0 | 22 | 69.4 | 58.1 | 74.1 | 87.0 | 32.0 | n/a | 67.8 | 34 | |
| Georgia | 67.9 | 56.8 | 74.7 | 82.3 | 41.1 | n/a | 51.4 | 31 | 68.9 | 56.7 | 74.8 | 85.7 | 22.6 | n/a | 66.0 | 31 | |
| Hawaii | 70.8 | 58.0 | 72.8 | n/a | 63.0 | 84.2 | 64.8 | 40 | 72.3 | 61.3 | 74.7 | n/a | 61.5 | 87.8 | 69.0 | 42 | |
| Idaho | 62.9 | 58.8 | 79.4 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 11 | 62.7 | 56.5 | 85.6 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 61.6 | 15 | |
| Illinois | 64.6 | 54.8 | 74.9 | 85.4 | 34.2 | n/a | 68.2 | 15 | 66.2 | 58.4 | 76.2 | 85.8 | 26.7 | n/a | 62.3 | 22 | |
| Indiana | 63.0 | 57.9 | 72.6 | 83.5 | n/a | n/a | 69.6 | 12 | 62.6 | 57.1 | 75.6 | 84.6 | n/a | n/a | 66.8 | 13 | |
| Iowa | 67.4 | 64.2 | 80.6 | 87.1 | n/a | n/a | 69.7 | 28 | 67.5 | 63.2 | 82.7 | 91.4 | n/a | n/a | 78.2 | 27 | |
| Kansas | 67.7 | 63.1 | 76.3 | 86.6 | n/a | n/a | 72.9 | 30 | 67.1 | 61.2 | 80.7 | 86.4 | n/a | n/a | 64.4 | 25 | |
| Kentucky | 66.6 | 63.8 | 73.2 | 85.6 | 61.0 | n/a | 63.7 | 24 | 71.0 | 68.1 | 80.0 | 89.5 | 45.8 | n/a | 82.9 | 39 | |
| Louisiana | 72.8 | 63.7 | 68.8 | 86.5 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 43 | 76.9 | 65.9 | 77.8 | 90.8 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 48 | |
| Maine | 64.4 | 63.3 | n/a | 86.5 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 14 | 66.4 | 65.6 | n/a | 87.4 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 23 | |
| Maryland | 64.0 | 49.9 | 79.0 | 80.1 | 32.0 | n/a | 54.4 | 13 | 67.4 | 49.6 | 82.5 | 86.0 | 37.6 | n/a | 60.6 | 26 | |
| Massachusetts | 55.4 | 48.9 | 78.4 | 73.8 | 32.8 | n/a | 48.9 | 1 | 52.6 | 45.3 | 76.1 | 79.3 | 22.0 | n/a | 49.5 | 1 | |
| Michigan | 68.5 | 64.8 | 77.5 | 87.9 | 44.4 | n/a | 59.7 | 35 | 69.0 | 63.2 | 84.0 | 90.6 | 48.0 | n/a | 75.8 | 33 | |
| Minnesota | 65.8 | 59.1 | 81.7 | 89.1 | 63.4 | n/a | 69.9 | 19 | 55.8 | 46.9 | 79.1 | 86.3 | 53.0 | n/a | 57.6 | 2 | |
| Mississippi | 75.0 | 62.8 | 69.8 | 87.9 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 46 | 75.7 | 61.9 | 76.7 | 89.5 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 46 | |
| Missouri | 66.7 | 62.8 | 72.3 | 87.6 | n/a | n/a | 66.3 | 25 | 68.4 | 64.2 | 78.3 | 88.8 | n/a | n/a | 69.2 | 28 | |
| Montana | 65.7 | 62.3 | 75.1 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 67.4 | 18 | 64.3 | 60.4 | 71.2 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 72.0 | 21 | |
| Nebraska | 66.2 | 60.0 | 82.1 | 87.8 | 48.6 | n/a | 67.4 | 23 | 63.1 | 54.6 | 83.0 | 90.7 | 53.8 | n/a | 71.1 | 19 | |
| Nevada | 71.4 | 61.2 | 78.2 | 85.3 | 56.9 | n/a | 68.0 | 41 | 74.3 | 62.8 | 82.8 | 89.1 | 49.0 | n/a | 71.6 | 44 | |
| New Hampshire | 62.3 | 61.2 | 79.6 | n/a | 49.9 | n/a | n/a | 9 | 61.5 | 61.0 | 78.0 | 79.6 | 38.6 | n/a | n/a | 9 | |
| New Jersey | 57.1 | 46.9 | 75.0 | 78.6 | 30.0 | n/a | n/a | 2 | 55.9 | 44.3 | 77.4 | 81.0 | 22.3 | n/a | n/a | 3 | |
| New Mexico | 76.7 | 62.8 | 80.9 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 49 | 79.3 | 63.2 | 84.3 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 50 | |
| New York | 67.5 | 58.8 | 79.0 | 81.5 | 53.6 | n/a | n/a | 29 | 66.5 | 55.8 | 83.3 | 85.3 | 39.7 | n/a | n/a | 24 | |
| North Carolina | 67.1 | 57.7 | 71.6 | 85.6 | 40.0 | n/a | 72.2 | 27 | 63.5 | 53.0 | 73.9 | 81.5 | 29.0 | n/a | 61.8 | 20 | |
| North Dakota | 68.4 | 64.4 | 83.6 | 83.4 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 33 | 62.6 | 56.7 | 74.0 | 91.2 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 14 | |
| Ohio | 61.9 | 54.8 | 69.7 | 88.4 | n/a | n/a | 73.4 | 7 | 62.5 | 55.4 | 74.4 | 87.5 | 43.0 | n/a | 77.5 | 12 | |
| Oklahoma | 74.4 | 68.3 | 83.8 | 86.7 | n/a | n/a | 71.3 | 44 | 74.5 | 69.3 | 80.6 | 92.7 | n/a | n/a | 70.8 | 45 | |
| Oregon | 66.0 | 61.1 | 79.8 | n/a | 46.6 | n/a | 58.4 | 20 | 68.6 | 62.5 | 86.8 | n/a | 43.2 | n/a | 59.4 | 29 | |
| Pennsylvania | 64.8 | 58.2 | 82.3 | 86.7 | 38.1 | n/a | 78.3 | 16 | 61.4 | 52.8 | 83.4 | 89.4 | 34.4 | n/a | 66.0 | 8 | |
| Rhode Island | 65.0 | 54.1 | 83.0 | 79.6 | 64.4 | n/a | 67.4 | 17 | 70.5 | 61.3 | 87.3 | 84.7 | n/a | n/a | 75.6 | 36 | |
| South Carolina | 70.7 | 60.4 | 75.9 | 87.1 | n/a | n/a | 72.0 | 39 | 71.1 | 59.4 | 77.9 | 90.0 | n/a | n/a | 71.3 | 40 | |
| South Dakota | 68.1 | 63.0 | 78.5 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 71.1 | 32 | 60.6 | 52.8 | 79.7 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 64.9 | 6 | |
| Tennessee | 68.4 | 62.7 | 78.4 | 84.8 | 42.4 | n/a | 62.8 | 34 | 68.8 | 62.2 | 80.8 | 88.2 | 27.2 | n/a | 64.3 | 30 | |
| Texas | 75.0 | 64.7 | 80.7 | 89.4 | 40.8 | n/a | 74.7 | 47 | 70.4 | 56.4 | 79.0 | 84.0 | 29.2 | n/a | 58.6 | 35 | |
| Utah | 62.2 | 57.4 | 78.7 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 8 | 62.7 | 56.8 | 84.8 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 52.2 | 16 | |
| Vermont | 59.8 | 59.2 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 57.2 | 4 | 61.7 | 60.8 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 68.8 | 10 | |
| Virginia | 66.8 | 59.0 | 78.3 | 85.0 | 41.0 | n/a | 62.7 | 26 | 62.2 | 54.4 | 70.0 | 83.6 | 34.9 | n/a | 59.4 | 11 | |
| Washington | 61.5 | 53.9 | 78.2 | 86.2 | 40.0 | n/a | 70.9 | 6 | 60.0 | 54.5 | 79.3 | 79.0 | 29.0 | n/a | 55.2 | 5 | |
| West Virginia | 74.7 | 74.1 | n/a | 88.0 | n/a | n/a | 80.7 | 45 | 75.9 | 75.3 | n/a | 85.6 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 47 | |
| Wisconsin | 61.5 | 55.3 | 79.4 | 89.8 | 50.2 | n/a | 59.7 | 5 | 58.7 | 51.4 | 73.6 | 87.9 | 56.7 | n/a | 73.0 | 4 | |
| Wyoming | 66.1 | 62.5 | 78.5 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | 21 | 62.9 | 58.5 | 74.8 | n/a | n/a | n/a | 71.7 | 17 | |
| United States | 67.6 | 58.7 | 78.6 | 85.3 | 43.5 | 75.6 | 64.5 | 67.1 | 57.0 | 80.5 | 86.7 | 36.0 | 81.7 | 63.8 | |||
a States are ranked 1-50 with 1 meaning the lowest percent of students performing below proficiency and 50 meaning the highest percent of students performing below proficiency. States with different ranks may have same percents due to rounding.
Note: “n/a” means reporting standards were not met and sample size was insufficient to generate a reliable estimate. Racial categories (White, Black, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, two or more races) exclude children of Hispanic ethnicity. Hispanic children can be of any race.
Source: U.S. Department of Education and NAEP. 2019. “2019 Mathematics Grades 4 and 8 Assessment Report Cards: Summary Data Tables for National and State Average Scores and Achievement Level Results” https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/; U.S. Department of Education and NAEP. 2019. “2019 Reading Grades 4 and 8 Assessment Report Cards: Summary Data Tables for National and State Average Scores and Achievement Level Results.” https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/.
Table 24: On-Time High School Graduation Rates Among Public School Students by Race/Ethnicity, 2016-17 School Year
| Adjusted Cohort Graduation Rate (ACGR) | Rank by ACGR for All Studentsb | |||||||
| All Students | White | Hispanic | Black | Asian/ Pacific Islander | American Indian/Alaska Native | Two or More Racesa | ||
| Alabama | 89.3% | 91.0% | 88.0% | 86.5% | 95.0% | n/a | 91.0% | 7 |
| Alaska | 78.2 | 82.2 | 77.0 | 74.0 | 84.0 | 69.0 | 75.0 | 46 |
| Arizona | 78.0 | 82.8 | 74.5 | 73.8 | 89.0 | 66.8 | n/a | 48 |
| Arkansas | 88.0 | 90.0 | 85.7 | 83.4 | 86.0 | 89.0 | 86.0 | 14 |
| California | 82.7 | 87.3 | 80.3 | 73.1 | 92.6 | 68.2 | 70.4 | 34 |
| Colorado | 79.1 | 83.9 | 71.1 | 71.9 | 89.0 | 64.0 | 80.0 | 45 |
| Connecticut | 87.9 | 92.8 | 77.7 | 80.1 | 95.0 | 88.0 | 88.0 | 15 |
| Delaware | 86.9 | 89.9 | 82.0 | 83.2 | 95.0 | 76.0 | 91.0 | 19 |
| District of Columbia | 73.2 | 85.0 | 72.0 | 72.4 | 78.0 | S | ≥90 | – |
| Florida | 82.3 | 86.2 | 81.3 | 74.8 | 92.9 | 80.0 | 83.1 | 38 |
| Georgia | 80.6 | 84.0 | 73.6 | 77.8 | 91.2 | 79.0 | 81.5 | 41 |
| Hawaii | 82.7 | 80.0 | 80.0 | 79.0 | 83.5 | 79.0 | n/a | 34 |
| Idaho | 79.7 | 81.1 | 74.8 | 70.0 | 85.0 | 66.0 | 76.0 | 43 |
| Illinois | 87.0 | 90.6 | 83.5 | 78.9 | 94.5 | 81.0 | 86.2 | 18 |
| Indiana | 83.8 | 87.5 | 75.8 | 70.8 | 80.0 | 76.0 | 82.1 | 30 |
| Iowa | 91.0 | 92.7 | 82.4 | 82.0 | 91.0 | 83.0 | 85.0 | 1 |
| Kansas | 86.5 | 88.8 | 81.1 | 78.0 | 93.0 | 81.0 | 84.0 | 24 |
| Kentucky | 89.7 | 91.2 | 84.0 | 81.6 | 92.0 | 77.0 | 87.0 | 4 |
| Louisiana | 78.1 | 83.7 | 67.0 | 72.8 | 90.0 | 81.0 | 82.0 | 47 |
| Maine | 86.9 | 87.4 | 89.0 | 83.0 | 89.0 | 71.0 | 79.0 | 19 |
| Maryland | 87.7 | 92.7 | 74.0 | 85.4 | 96.2 | 86.0 | 91.0 | 16 |
| Massachusetts | 88.3 | 92.6 | 74.4 | 80.0 | 93.9 | 81.0 | 85.0 | 12 |
| Michigan | 80.2 | 83.7 | 73.3 | 68.6 | 90.5 | 68.0 | 74.7 | 42 |
| Minnesota | 82.7 | 88.1 | 66.3 | 64.8 | 85.2 | 51.0 | 71.0 | 34 |
| Mississippi | 83.0 | 87.1 | 81.0 | 79.3 | 91.0 | 80.0 | 79.0 | 33 |
| Missouri | 88.3 | 91.4 | 84.4 | 75.9 | 91.0 | 84.0 | 89.0 | 12 |
| Montana | 85.8 | 88.7 | 80.0 | 81.0 | 91.0 | 69.0 | n/a | 27 |
| Nebraska | 89.1 | 92.5 | 81.6 | 81.0 | 82.0 | 70.0 | 86.0 | 8 |
| Nevada | 80.9 | 84.2 | 79.7 | 67.7 | 91.0 | 74.0 | 81.0 | 40 |
| New Hampshire | 88.9 | 89.8 | 76.0 | 79.0 | 93.0 | 75.0 | 85.0 | 10 |
| New Jersey | 90.5 | 94.5 | 84.3 | 83.4 | 96.6 | 92.0 | 92.0 | 2 |
| New Mexico | 71.1 | 76.4 | 70.5 | 68.0 | 85.0 | 61.0 | n/a | 50 |
| New York | 81.8 | 89.8 | 71.2 | 71.5 | 87.7 | 67.0 | 83.0 | 39 |
| North Carolina | 86.6 | 89.3 | 80.6 | 83.9 | 93.8 | 84.0 | 84.3 | 22 |
| North Dakota | 87.2 | 90.5 | 76.0 | 75.0 | 80.0 | 68.0 | n/a | 17 |
| Ohio | 84.2 | 88.2 | 73.6 | 68.6 | 88.0 | 76.0 | 78.7 | 28 |
| Oklahoma | 82.6 | 83.7 | 79.3 | 80.3 | 86.0 | 82.7 | 82.5 | 37 |
| Oregon | 76.7 | 78.0 | 72.5 | 68.0 | 86.0 | 59.0 | 77.0 | 49 |
| Pennsylvania | 86.6 | 91.0 | 73.9 | 73.8 | 92.4 | 73.0 | 79.0 | 22 |
| Rhode Island | 84.1 | 87.7 | 76.0 | 81.0 | 88.0 | 73.0 | 79.0 | 29 |
| South Carolina | 83.6 | 85.2 | 80.5 | 81.3 | 93.0 | 76.0 | n/a | 32 |
| South Dakota | 83.7 | 89.5 | 71.0 | 78.0 | 85.0 | 50.0 | 78.0 | 31 |
| Tennessee | 89.8 | 92.6 | 83.8 | 84.0 | 94.0 | 89.0 | n/a | 3 |
| Texas | 89.7 | 93.6 | 87.7 | 86.1 | 95.8 | 86.0 | 91.7 | 4 |
| Utah | 86.0 | 88.3 | 77.3 | 73.0 | 87.0 | 74.0 | 87.0 | 26 |
| Vermont | 89.1 | 89.8 | 90.0 | 77.0 | 82.0 | S | 83.0 | 8 |
| Virginia | 86.9 | 91.3 | 73.0 | 82.8 | 93.4 | 83.0 | 90.0 | 19 |
| Washington | 79.4 | 81.9 | 72.7 | 71.5 | 85.3 | 62.0 | 79.7 | 44 |
| West Virginia | 89.4 | 89.5 | 92.0 | 87.0 | 95.0 | ≥80 | 83.0 | 6 |
| Wisconsin | 88.6 | 92.7 | 80.3 | 67.0 | 91.0 | 79.0 | 84.0 | 11 |
| Wyoming | 86.2 | 87.5 | 80.0 | 83.0 | 84.0 | 59.0 | 79.0 | 25 |
| United States | 84.6% | 88.6% | 80.0% | 77.8% | 91.2% | 72.4% | n/a | |
Notes: The ACGR is an estimate of the percent of public school students who receive a regular diploma within four years of entering ninth grade. Racial categories exclude children of Hispanic ethnicity. Hispanic children can be of any race. “S” means data were suppressed to protect the confidentiality of individual student data. The greater than or equal to sign “≥” means the estimate has been top-coded to protect the confidentiality of individual student data. “n/a” means data were not available.
a States are ranked 1 to 50 with 1 meaning highest ACGR and 50 meaning lowest ACGR.
Source: National Center for Education Statistics. 2018. “Table 1. Public High School 4-Year Adjusted Cohort Graduation Rate (ACGR), by Race/Ethnicity and Selected Demographic Characteristics for the United States, the 50 States, and the District of Columbia: School Year 2016-17.” https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/tables/ACGR_RE_and_characteristics_2016-17.asp.
Table 25: Suspensions among Public School Students, 2013-2014 School Year
| State | All Students | White | Hispanic | Black | Asian | American Indian/Alaska Native | Pacific Islander | Two or More Races |
| Alabama | 8.0% | 4.5% | 3.0% | 15.2% | 1.6% | 3.9% | 4.0% | 5.9% |
| Alaska | 5.1 | 3.5 | 4.8 | 8.8 | 2.0 | 8.5 | 6.5 | 4.8 |
| Arizona | 5.2 | 3.9 | 5.5 | 11.5 | 1.5 | 8.9 | 4.8 | 5.0 |
| Arkansas | 7.0 | 4.5 | 3.8 | 17.9 | 1.4 | 4.8 | 3.1 | 4.3 |
| California | 4.0 | 3.2 | 4.0 | 11.2 | 1.2 | 7.1 | 4.8 | 3.4 |
| Colorado | 4.4 | 3.1 | 5.8 | 11.0 | 1.4 | 6.8 | 3.6 | 4.9 |
| Connecticut | 3.9 | 2.0 | 6.6 | 9.0 | 0.8 | 6.2 | n/a | 3.3 |
| Delaware | 8.5 | 4.4 | 5.8 | 15.6 | 1.7 | 9.2 | 6.1 | 6.3 |
| District of Columbia | 12.4 | 0.9 | 4.3 | 16.0 | 1.5 | 9.9 | 10.0 | 3.8 |
| Florida | 5.0 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 9.9 | 1.0 | 4.6 | 2.9 | 4.9 |
| Georgia | 7.3 | 3.5 | 4.5 | 13.4 | 1.3 | 4.6 | 6.5 | 6.7 |
| Hawaii | 3.5 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 4.5 | 2.1 | 6.2 | 5.6 | 2.2 |
| Idaho | 2.6 | 2.4 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 1.3 | 4.7 | 2.4 | 2.3 |
| Illinois | 6.8 | 2.9 | 5.4 | 21.9 | 0.9 | 4.6 | 3.6 | 5.8 |
| Indiana | 6.8 | 4.5 | 6.2 | 20.6 | 1.4 | 5.9 | 2.8 | 10.0 |
| Iowa | 2.6 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 11.0 | 1.1 | 4.3 | 2.6 | 4.7 |
| Kansas | 4.0 | 2.8 | 4.4 | 14.0 | 1.2 | 6.2 | 3.4 | 5.5 |
| Kentucky | 4.9 | 4.1 | 3.1 | 12.2 | 0.9 | 5.7 | 3.1 | 5.8 |
| Louisiana | 8.4 | 4.7 | 4.2 | 12.6 | 1.8 | 6.4 | 5.7 | 5.9 |
| Maine | 3.4 | 3.4 | 4.6 | 6.6 | 1.3 | 3.5 | 2.1 | 2.8 |
| Maryland | 5.2 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 9.3 | 0.8 | 5.9 | 2.7 | 4.6 |
| Massachusets | 4.3 | 2.6 | 8.6 | 10.5 | 1.3 | 5.9 | 2.1 | 5.3 |
| Michigan | 7.3 | 4.5 | 6.6 | 19.2 | 1.7 | 8.0 | 3.2 | 7.5 |
| Minnesota | 3.3 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 12.3 | 1.1 | 9.5 | 2.7 | 4.0 |
| Mississippi | 9.7 | 4.8 | 4.1 | 14.8 | 1.8 | 6.0 | 3.8 | 3.8 |
| Missouri | 5.7 | 3.9 | 4.4 | 17.0 | 1.6 | 6.0 | 2.9 | 5.3 |
| Montana | 3.7 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 4.4 | 1.1 | 11.8 | 2.0 | 2.3 |
| Nebraska | 4.3 | 2.9 | 4.7 | 16.2 | 1.8 | 9.2 | 3.3 | 6.8 |
| Nevada | 4.6 | 3.5 | 4.4 | 10.9 | 1.6 | 6.5 | 3.3 | 4.4 |
| New Hampshire | 4.9 | 4.3 | 14.2 | 19.2 | 2.2 | 7.3 | 7.5 | 3.7 |
| New Jersey | 4.4 | 2.2 | 5.6 | 12.8 | 0.8 | 3.7 | 1.3 | 3.1 |
| New Mexico | 6.2 | 4.8 | 6.8 | 10.2 | 2.8 | 6.0 | 2.5 | 8.5 |
| New York | 3.2 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 7.1 | 0.5 | 4.0 | 1.2 | 4.2 |
| North Carolina | 6.7 | 3.8 | 4.9 | 13.4 | 1.2 | 11.6 | 4.7 | 7.0 |
| North Dakota | 2.2 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 5.2 | 0.7 | 8.1 | 0.3-0.9 | 0.5 |
| Ohio | 7.1 | 4.7 | 6.8 | 18.7 | 1.5 | 7.7 | 3.5 | 9.2 |
| Oklahoma | 5.6 | 4.3 | 5.7 | 17.0 | 1.2 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 4.3 |
| Oregon | 4.1 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 9.2 | 1.2 | 6.5 | 4.2 | 4.5 |
| Pennsylvania | 5.6 | 3.0 | 7.5 | 17.1 | 1.3 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 7.3 |
| Rhode Island | 6.2 | 4.3 | 9.3 | 12.4 | 2.9 | 9.3 | 4.7 | 6.9 |
| South Carolina | 10.3 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 17.9 | 1.9 | 9.2 | 5.4 | 8.6 |
| South Dakota | 2.7 | 1.9 | 3.9 | 7.0 | 1.4 | 6.2 | 0.8-2.3 | 2.9 |
| Tennessee | 6.7 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 17.1 | 1.7 | 5.2 | 2.9 | 4.5 |
| Texas | 4.8 | 2.5 | 4.6 | 12.1 | 0.9 | 4.4 | 3.6 | 3.5 |
| Utah | 1.7 | 1.3 | 3.0 | 4.3 | 1.2 | 5.2 | 2.5 | 1.7 |
| Vermont | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 6.6 | 0.7 | 12.6 | 0.9-2.7 | 2.8 |
| Virginia | 5.7 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 12.7 | 0.8 | 4.6 | 3.8 | 4.9 |
| Washington | 4.6 | 3.9 | 5.4 | 10.5 | 1.4 | 9.3 | 6.4 | 5.3 |
| West Virginia | 7.3 | 7.1 | 4.4 | 13.6 | 1.0 | 4.5 | 3.6 | 5.7 |
| Wisconsin | 4.0 | 2.3 | 4.2 | 17.0 | 0.8 | 6.5 | 3.0 | 4.8 |
| Wyoming | 3.1 | 2.9 | 3.8 | 6.1 | 1.7 | 5.2 | 3.2 | 3.0 |
| United States 2013-14 | 5.3% | 3.4% | 4.5% | 13.7% | 1.1% | 4.5% | 6.7% | 5.3% |
Notes: Data by race/ethnicity exclude students with disabilities served only under Section 504 (not receiving services under IDEA). Racial categories (White, Black, Asian, American Indian/Alaska Native and Pacific Islander) exclude students of Hispanic ethnicity. Hispanic students can be of any race.
Source: National Center for Education Statistics. 2018. “Digest of Education Statistics,” Table 233.40 Percentage of Students Suspended and Expelled from Public Elementary and Secondary Schools, by Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and State: 2013-14. https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d17/tables/dt17_233.40.asp.
Table 26: Public Spending on Prisoners vs. Public School Students
| Spending Per Prisoner, FY 2015 |
Spending Per Public School Student, 2015-2016 |
Ratio of Spending per Prisoner vs. Public School Student | Rank by Ratioa | |
| Alabama | $13,734 | $9,258 | 1.5 | 2 |
| Alaska | 52,184 | 17,510 | 3.0 | 33 |
| Arizona | 22,433 | 7,772 | 2.9 | 32 |
| Arkansas | 18,814 | 9,900 | 1.9 | 12 |
| California | 57,049 | 11,420 | 5.0 | 49 |
| Colorado | 34,283 | 9,619 | 3.6 | 42 |
| Connecticut | 40,746 | 19,615 | 2.1 | 14 |
| Delaware | 35,384 | 14,397 | 2.5 | 26 |
| District of Columbia | n/a | 21,135 | n/a | n/a |
| Florida | 17,155 | 9,176 | 1.9 | 10 |
| Georgia | 19,894 | 9,835 | 2.0 | 13 |
| Hawaii | 35,310 | 13,748 | 2.6 | 28 |
| Idaho | 26,492 | 7,178 | 3.7 | 43 |
| Illinois | 26,783 | 14,327 | 1.9 | 9 |
| Indiana | 20,681 | 9,691 | 2.1 | 15 |
| Iowa | 30,346 | 11,148 | 2.7 | 30 |
| Kansas | 26,855 | 10,216 | 2.6 | 29 |
| Kentucky | 21,024 | 9,831 | 2.1 | 16 |
| Louisiana | 11,228 | 11,169 | 1.0 | 1 |
| Maine | 33,785 | 14,202 | 2.4 | 22 |
| Maryland | 54,481 | 14,523 | 3.8 | 45 |
| Massachusetts | 89,532 | 16,986 | 5.3 | 50 |
| Michigan | 34,372 | 11,051 | 3.1 | 34 |
| Minnesota | 30,964 | 12,364 | 2.5 | 27 |
| Mississippi | 14,582 | 8,692 | 1.7 | 4 |
| Missouri | 19,367 | 10,385 | 1.9 | 7 |
| Montana | 43,709 | 11,374 | 3.8 | 46 |
| Nebraska | 19,060 | 12,379 | 1.5 | 3 |
| Nevada | 16,254 | 8,753 | 1.9 | 6 |
| New Hampshire | 29,007 | 15,535 | 1.9 | 8 |
| New Jersey | 46,503 | 19,041 | 2.4 | 25 |
| New Mexico | 43,573 | 9,959 | 4.4 | 48 |
| New York | 51,449 | 22,231 | 2.3 | 21 |
| North Carolina | 27,901 | 8,717 | 3.2 | 38 |
| North Dakota | 49,567 | 13,358 | 3.7 | 44 |
| Ohio | 21,686 | 11,933 | 1.8 | 5 |
| Oklahoma | 18,255 | 8,091 | 2.3 | 20 |
| Oregon | 35,112 | 10,823 | 3.2 | 39 |
| Pennsylvania | 36,586 | 15,165 | 2.4 | 24 |
| Rhode Island | 50,259 | 16,082 | 3.1 | 37 |
| South Carolina | 21,698 | 10,045 | 2.2 | 18 |
| South Dakota | 32,030 | 9,335 | 3.4 | 41 |
| Tennessee | 21,413 | 8,876 | 2.4 | 23 |
| Texas | 20,335 | 9,352 | 2.2 | 19 |
| Utah | 27,181 | 7,006 | 3.9 | 47 |
| Vermont | 35,592 | 19,023 | 1.9 | 11 |
| Virginia | 24,590 | 11,435 | 2.2 | 17 |
| Washington | 35,865 | 11,484 | 3.1 | 36 |
| West Virginia | 37,488 | 11,424 | 3.3 | 40 |
| Wisconsin | 36,369 | 11,664 | 3.1 | 35 |
| Wyoming | 46,762 | 16,431 | 2.8 | 31 |
| United States | 24,836 | 11,841 | 2.5 |
a States are ranked 1-50 with 1 meaning the lowest ratio of spending per prisoner vs. public school student and 50 meaning the highest ratio of spending per prisoner vs. public school student.
Note: “n/a” means data were not available because the District of Columbia does not have a prison system. Spending per prisoner based on prisoner count on December 31, 2014, the latest count within FY2015.
Sources: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Justice Expenditure and Employment Extracts. 2018. “Table 10. Detail of Direct Expenditure for Correctional Activities of State Governments by Character and Object, Fiscal Year 2015 (Preliminary).”” https://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=6310; U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. 2018. “Inmates in Custody of State or Federal Correctional Facilities, Including Private Prison Facilities, December 31, 1999-2016,” http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=nps; U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), National Public Education Financial Survey, 1989-90 through 2015-16. 2018. “”Table 236.65. Current Expenditure per Pupil in Fall Enrollment in Public Elementary and Secondary Schools, by State or Jurisdiction: Selected Years, 1969-70 through 2015-16.””
https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d18/tables/dt18_236.65.asp?current=yes.